"Persecution and
Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany and in
Communist Regimes" |
 |
Buch ANHANG online online BOOK appendix "Repression und Selbstbehauptung: Die Zeugen Jehovas unter der NS- und der SED-Diktatur", Gerhard Besier / Clemens Vollnhals (Hrsg.), Duncker & Humblot (Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungen, Band 21), Berlin 2003 (ISBN 3-428-10605-9, ISSN 1438-2326)  |
Other Languages (Web
Links) |
This is a non-commercial private website dedicated to the history and memory of humans persecuted under nazism and communism, and the contents is free for personal and non-commercial use only in accordance with international copyright law. (Nichtgewerbliche, private Internetseite, zur freien Verfügung für Schule, Forschung und Wissenschaft und für den nichtkommerziellen, persönlichen Gebrauch gemäß Urheberrechtsgesetz.) When using informationn from this site, please quote the following source: "Internet links and updated publication list from the appendix of the German book, Repression und Selbstbehauptung: Die Zeugen Jehovas unter der NS- und der SED-Diktatur, by Gerhard Besier / Clemens Vollnhals (eds.), Duncker & Humblot Berlin, 2003, pp. 408, 411, www.standfirm.de/english." |
www.standfirm.de / www.jwhistory.net ADDED / ADJUSTED |
United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum, Washington D.C. (USHMM).
Academic Publications: Between Resistance and
Martyrdrom. Jehovah's Witnesses in the Third Reich, by
Dr Detlef Garbe, translated by Dagmar G. Grimm,
published by the University of Wisconsin Press (contents of
book),
Madison, WI, 2008. The
University of Wisconsin Press. UW Press presents: Between
Resistance and Martyrdrom. Jehovah's Witnesses in the
Third Reich, by Dr Detlef Garbe, translated by Dagmar
G. Grimm and published in association with the United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum (contents of
book). The
University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2008, USA. Los Angeles Museum of
the Holocaust (LAMOTH). Program (7 April 2008): Nazi
Persecution: Jehovah's Witnesses, Victims of Conscience.
Co-Sponsored by the Sigi Ziering Institute of American
Jewish University. Monday April 07, 2008. 7:30 pm. Gindi
Auditorium, University of Judaism. The evening's program
will include: (1) "The Girl With the Purple
Triangle," Documentary Screening and discussion by
the director, Fritz Poppenberg, Drei Linden Films,
Berlin, Germany. (2) "History of Jehovah's
Witnesses," Lecture by Dr. Michael Berenbaum,
Director, Sigi Ziering Institute at the American Jewish
University. (3) "Out of Memory, Conscience. Out of
Conscience, Responsibility," Lecture by Robert
Buckley, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Tickets: $50, museum members $25. Groups of 4 or more,
$25 per ticket. United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C. (USHMM).
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at USHMM. The
Nuremberg Trial: Persecution of religious and other
victim groups presented at Nuremberg Trial. Story
RG-60.2938, Tape 2373. (“Bible Researchers” =
Bibelforscher, Bible Students, Jehovah's Witnesses). |
| Association
of Contemporary Church Historians, University of British
Columbia. John S. Conway (Editor),
Arbeitsgemeinschaft kirchlicher Zeitgeschichtler. Book
reviews. Christine King, Vice-Chancellor, University of
Staffordshire, Stafford, U.K.: Hans Hesse ed.,
Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses during
the Nazi Regime 1933-1945. Bremen: Edition Temmen 2001.
405 pp ISBN 3-86108-750-2. [Bible Students, Bibelforscher;
concentration camps] http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/akz/akz2310.htm <103, 08.10.03> Augsburg, Haus der
Bayerischen Geschichte (State Institution for Bavarian
History). Exhibition of Dachau Concentration
Camp Memorial Museum. Table of Contents of all exhibition
panels (PDF format, text in German and English).
Abteilung (Part) 4. Prisoners 1933-1939. 4.4. Bible
Students (Bibelforscher). Overview and case study (with
photos and documents) of Johannes (Hans) Gaertner. Auschwitz-Birkenau
Memorial and State Museum . New Book: Teresa
Wontor-Cichy, Imprisoned for Their Faith.
Jehovah’s Witnesses in KL Auschwitz. Edited by
Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oswiecim 2006. Auschwitz-Birkenau
State Museum. A new temporary exhibition on
Jehovah' Witnesses as victims of Nazi persecution
1933-1945 was opened in the Visitor Reception Building on
September 21, 2004. The 27 panels (in Polish and English) of the exhibition
"Imprisoned for Their Faith - The Jehovah's
Witnesses Versus Nazism" were seen there until
November 30, 2004. Austrian
Research Centers Dissertationsdatenbank: Anita
Farkas - Geschichte(n) ins Leben holen. Die
Bibelforscherinnen des Frauenkonzentrationslagers Sankt
Lambrecht. History / Testimonies Fetch Back to Life. The
female Jehova`s Witnesses of the Concentration Camp Sankt
Lambrecht. German and English summaries of Anita Farkas'
thesis and German book. Baycrest Centre for
Geriatric Care, USA. Purple Triangles: A Story of
Spiritual Resistance. By Jolene Chu, New York. Originally
published in Judaism Today, No. 12, Spring
1999, pp. 15-19. [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher, Bible Students] Berghahn Books
Ltd, Oxford / New York. New book: THE WOMEN'S
CAMP IN MORINGEN. A Memoir of Imprisonment in Germany
1936-1937. Translated by Hildegard Herz and Howard
Hartig. Edited and with an Introduction by Jane Caplan,
Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, and University
Lecturer in Modern History. The Nazi regime opened its
first concentration camps within weeks of coming to
power, but with the exception of Dachau the history of
these early, improvised camps and their inmates is not
yet widely known. Gabriele Herz's memoir, published for
the first time, is a unique record of a Jewish woman's
detention in the first women's concentration camp in
Moringen (housed in part of an old-established
workhouse), at a time when most other inmates were
communists or Jehovah's Witnesses. This original
translation of her wry and perceptive memoir is
accompanied by an extensive introduction that sets Herz's
experience in the history both of political detention
under the Nazi regime and of the German workhouse system. Britannica.
Presents: Journal of Church & State, 03/01/99.
Spiritual Resistance of Christian Conviction in Nazi
Germany: The Case of the Jehovah's Witnesses. By Dr.
Gabriele Yonan (Berlin). Magazine: Journal of Church and
State, Spring 1999. [Contents: Jehovah's Witnesses as
Modern-Day Representatives of the Chiliastic Tradition. /
Who Are Jehovah's Witnesses? / Religious Persecution in
History / Recapitulation: The Witnesses' Resistance /
Failure of the Larger Churches During the Nazi Regime /
The Confessional Church -- Resistance for its own
Purposes (Martin Niemoller, Niemoeller) / The Witnesses'
Religious Resistance Interpreted and Evaluated
(Rutherford's letter to Hitler, February 9, 1934) /
The Declaration of 25 June 1933: A Textual Analysis
(Berlin Wilmersdorf, 25.06.1933) / Conclusion.] CESNUR 2006
International Conference, July 13-16, 2006 in San
Diego State University, San Diego, California. Religion,
Globalization, and Conflict: International Perspectives
Provocation or Persecution? Programme: http://www.cesnur.org/2006/sd_prg.htm. A paper presented at the CESNUR
2006 International Conference: The
"Bibelforscher" in the Third Reich (An
Examination of the Conflict between Jehovah's Witnesses
and the Nazis) by George D. CHRYSSIDES (University of
Wolverhampton, England U.K.). Concentration Camp
Memorial - Ravensbrück, Fürstenberg (Germany).
"Purple Triangle at Ravensbrück - Jehovah’s
Witnesses (Bible Students) in Concentration Camp."
In 1939 female Jehovah’s Witnesses made up 40
percent of the inmates in the new women’s
concentration camp Ravensbrück. Their sufferings
intensified when they refused to do war-related work.
Until August 31, 2007, this special exhibition tells
their story. The German exhibition panels have English
summaries of photo captions and other texts. Council of
Europe. EDUCATION. Seminar of Budapest, 15-17
April 2004. Proceedings. "Persecution and Resistance
of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi-Europe - What We Should
Know and Remember," by Hans-Hermann Dirksen,
Historian. [DGIV/EDU/MEM (2004) 19 prov. bil.] Grammaton Press, New
Orleans. Books: (1) Facing the Lion -- Memoirs of
a Young Girl in Nazi Europe, by Simone Arnold
Liebster. New Orleans, 2000. With free teaching and study
guide for schools and students. (2) Crucible of
Terror: A Story of Survival Through the Nazi Storm, by
Max Liebster. [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher; class-room material] H-Net:
Humanities & Social Sciences Online.
Benjamin Pearson, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill: The Stasi and the Jehovah's Witnesses, in:
"Review of Waldemar Hirch, Die Glaubensgemeinschaft
der Zeugen Jehovas während der SED-Diktatur: Unter
besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Observierung und
Unterdrückung durch das Ministerium für
Staatssicherheit, H-German, H-Net Reviews. H-Net:
Humanities & Social Sciences Online. John S.
Conway, Department of History, University of British
Columbia, January 2005: [WWII] Review of new book on 3rd
Reich and GDR persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses. Book
review of (1) Gerhard Besier / Clemens Vollnhals: Repression
und Selbstbehauptung ... and (2) Robert
Schmidt: Religiöse Selbstbehauptung
und staatliche Repression ... Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Victims
of the Nazi Era, 1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses
brochure (from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum/USHMM). Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Else
Woieziek (foto), a Jehovah's Witness sentenced to death,
and Heinrich Heine (foto), a shop assistant from Neuss,
Germany. Taken from Victims of the Nazi Era,
1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses brochure (US Holocaust
Memorial Museum/USHMM). [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher] Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Who
Are Jehovah's Witnesses? Text taken from Victims of
the Nazi Era, 1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses brochure
(US Holocaust Memorial Museum/USHMM). [Bibelforscher] Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. This
letter dated October 7, 1934, was sent to the German
government by every congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses
in Germany. This declaration of political neutrality
failed to convince the Nazi regime that the Witnesses
were harmless. Taken from Victims of the Nazi Era,
1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses brochure (US Holocaust
Memorial Museum/USHMM). [Bibelforscher] Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Last
letter of Wolfgang Kusserow. On March 28th,
1942, Wolfgang Kusserow, a twenty-year old Jehovah's
Witness, was executed for refusing military service. The
day before his death he wrote his family a last letter,
translated here. Taken from Victims of the Nazi Era,
1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses brochure (US Holocaust
Memorial Museum/USHMM). [Bibelforscher; fotos: family
Kusserow and "Golden Age" house, Bad
Lippspringe, Germany]
Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center.
Declaration Renouncing Beliefs (for imprisoned Jehovah's
Witnesses). Taken from Victims of the Nazi Era,
1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses brochure (US Holocaust
Memorial Museum/USHMM). [Bibelforscher; Nazism] Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Helene
Gotthold with her two children Gerd and Gisela, in 1936
(foto). Arrested many times for defying the Nazi ban on
Jehovah's Witnesses activities, Helene was convicted,
condemned to death, and beheaded on December 8,
1944, in Berlin. Gerd and Gisela survived. Taken from Victims
of the Nazi Era, 1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses
brochure (US Holocaust Memorial Museum/USHMM). [Bibelforscher; Nazism] Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Book
info: Facing the Lion -- Memoirs of a Young Girl in
Nazi Europe, by Simone Arnold Liebster. [Bibelforscher;
children; Nazism] Holocaust Education
Foundation, Inc., VA. Teacher Resource Center. Book
info: Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's
Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime, by Hans Hesse
(ed.), Michael Berenbaum (see Preface). [Bibelforscher; Nazism;
including two itmes about communist persecution of
Jehovah's Witnesses]
Holocaust Forgotten
Memorial, California. Jehovah's Witnesses: Stood
Firm. Book: Facing the Lion -- Memoirs of a Young Girl
in Nazi Europe, by Simone Arnold Liebster. [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher] International
Organization for Migration (IOM News). Marie Agnes
Heine, IOM Geneva: Jehovah’s Witnesses Persecuted by
Nazi Regime Receive Compensation. IOM News, March 2003,
pages 14, 15. [Bibelforscher; biographical
arcicle on survivor Max Hollweg (foto; document);
Buchenwald and Wewelsburg (Niederhagen) concentration
camp; comment by Max Hollweg: "I think it’s
ridiculous to try to financially compensate us for what
has been done. As Jehovah’s Witnesses we continue to
be discriminated against and therefore any additional
assistance is welcome."] IOM,
International Organization of Migration. Report:
"Jehovah's Witness Survivors and Conclusion",
in: Humanitarian and Social Programmes: "Final
Report on Assistance to Needy, Elderly Survivors of Nazi
Persecution. 2006. ISBN / ISSN : 978 92 9068 292 9. [In four years IOM's
Humanitarian and Social Programmes reached over 73,800
victims of Nazi persecution, most of whom lived in
isolation and extreme poverty in Central and Eastern
Europe. HSP assistance consisted of food, winter aid,
hygienic supplies, ... (More Information ... http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/cache/bypass/pid/8?entryId=2404)] Jehovah's Witnesses,
United States. Awake! magazine article,
"Jehovah's Witnesses -- Courageous in the Face of
Nazi Peril," July 8, 1998. [Bibelforscher, Nazism;
subheadings: No Compromise With Hitler / Looking Back /
What Happened When Hitler Came to Power? / Convention of
Courage or Compromise? (Berlin convention, Wilmersdorfer
Tennishallen, June 25, 1933) / 2 actual photos of the
convention attended by Jehovah's Witnesses in 1933 at the
Tennishallen / A Statements of Intent (1933
"Declaration of Facts" [German
"Erklärung" / "Erklaerung"] /
videocassette documentary entitled Jehovah's Witnesses
Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault; Buchenwald (foto)] Jehovah's Witnesses,
United States. Press release: "Jehovah's
Witnesses praised as 'double victims' under both the Nazi
state and Communism." Opening of new exhibit in
Berlin on the official persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
in the former GDR. [Lothar Hörnig (Hoernig)
(Pegau), Johannes Wrobel, chairman of the Historical
Archives of Jehovah's Witnesses] Jehovah's Witnesses,
United States. Information about video documentary Jehovah’s
Witnesses Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault, Watchtower
Society, 1996, 72 min. class-room edition (clip with
excerpts). [Bibelforscher;
Josef Rehwald, Otto Harstang; shooting of August
Dickmann, etc.] Jehovah's
Witnesses, United States. Press Release,
June 16, 2004: Moscow Appeal Court outlaws 11,000
Jehovah's Witnesses who brace for return to Soviet era. (Russian
version) <more> Jehovah's
Witnesses, United States / Russia / Britain. Documentary
(PDF), May 2005: One Year Later: Effects of Moscow
Ban on Jehovah’s Witnesses in Russia. Office of
Public Information for Jehovah's Witnesses. Watch Tower
House, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1RN. (In June 2004 the
Moscow City Court ruled to uphold a lower court decision
to ban the activity of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Moscow
and to liquidate their legal entity. This is in stark
contrast to the legal status of the Witnesses in the rest
of Russia, where they are registered in 398 communities
in 72 regions. Even before this ruling entered into legal
force, Jehovah’s Witnesses experienced adverse
consequences both in Moscow and in other parts of
Russia.) Los Angeles Museum of
the Holocaust (LAMOTH). Program (7 April 2008): Nazi
Persecution: Jehovah's Witnesses, Victims of Conscience.
Co-Sponsored by the Sigi Ziering Institute of American
Jewish University. Monday April 07, 2008. 7:30 pm. Gindi
Auditorium, University of Judaism. The evening's program
will include: (1) "The Girl With the Purple
Triangle," Documentary Screening and discussion by
the director, Fritz Poppenberg, Drei Linden Films,
Berlin, Germany. (2) "History of Jehovah's
Witnesses," Lecture by Dr. Michael Berenbaum,
Director, Sigi Ziering Institute at the American Jewish
University. (3) "Out of Memory, Conscience. Out of
Conscience, Responsibility," Lecture by Robert
Buckley, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Tickets: $50, museum members $25. Groups of 4 or more,
$25 per ticket. MosNews. Moscow
upholds ban on Jehovah's Witnesses, Mosnews, June 16,
2004. MOSCOW -- A Moscow court upheld a ban on the city's
Jehovah's Witnesses, ending a six-year case that
reflected growing pressure to stifle minority religious
groups in Russia, where Orthodox Christianity is
predominant.<more> Newspaper "Die
Welt" (German). Archive. Professor Dr. Dr.
Gerhard Besier: Verdict against the established churches.
The significance of the legal recognition of
Jehovah’s Witnesses [in Germany]. [Original title:
“Verdikt gegen die Amtskirche. Was die Anerkennung
der Zeugen Jehovas aus rechtlicher Sicht bedeutet”],
in: Die Welt, German newspaper, March 26, 2005,
p. 3. (The Judgment of the Higher Administrative
Court in Berlin in Favor of Jehovah’s Witnesses in
Germany–PRESS COMMENTARIES: WORD dokuments in
English Poppenberg, Fritz.
Drei Linden Film, Berlin. "Fear Not" --
Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses Under
the Nazi Regime. Documentary film, 92 minutes. Poppenberg, Fritz.
Drei Linden Film, Berlin. "Follow Me"
--Jehovah's Witnesses Under the East German Regime. Documentary
film, 58 minutes, 1999. [GDR (East Germany, Communist
Germany), DDR] Private Website,
United States of America. The Nazi State and the
New Religions: Five Case Studies in Non-Conformity,
by Christine Elizabeth King. Studies in Religion and
Society, Volume Four. The Edwin Mellen Press, New York
& Toronto, 1982. Chapter VI: A Triumph of the Will:
The Jehovah's Witnesses. See also Chapter VII:
Some Conclusions,
Appendices, and Notes. Private Website,
United States of America. Jehovah's Witnesses:
Victims under Two Dictatorships. About the 157-page book
by Dr. Gabriele Yonan (Berlin) in German which deals with
the plight of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi and in
Communist Germany: Jehovahs Zeugen: Opfer unter zwei
deutschen Diktaturen (1933-1945 / 1949-1989).
(Jehovah's Witnesses: Victims under Two Dictatorships)
Copied from Human Rights Without Frontiers (HRWF, June
18, 1999). Private Website,
United States of America. "Female Jehovah's
Witnesses in the Women's Concentration Camp in Moringen:
Research on the Resistance of Women to Nazism," by
Jürgen Harder and Hans Hesse, article translated from
German. [Early
history of concentration camp; daily life (house rules,
dress, food, housing, work); prisoner groups; the female
Jehovah's Witnesses; social structure;
"Verpflichtungserklärungen" (Declaration of
Commitment); Reports of Conduct; the resistance of Bible
Students (Bibelforscher) in the Moringen Women's
concentration camp; Moringen - Lichtenburg - Ravensbrück
concentration camps] Private Website,
United States of America. "Jehovah's Witnesses
in the Nazi period," by John Conway (University of
British Columbia), editor of the Association of Church
Historians, reviews in the Newletter Detlef
Garbe's book Zwischen Widerstand und Martyrium. Die
Zeugen Jehovahs im Dritten Reich. Rammerstorfer,
Bernhard (author, Austria). Summary of the book and
video by Bernhard Rammerstorfer: He just said NO.
Leopold Engleitner -- His Way Was Different.
Biography of Leopold Engleitner. [Nazi Persecution of Jehovah's
Witnesses or Bibelforscher in Austria (Österreich)] Rammerstorfer,
Bernhard (author, Austria). USA Tour 2006 of survivor
Leopold Engleitner and his biographer Bernhard
Rammerstorfer. During their educational 2006 U.S. tour
Engleitner and Rammerstorfer have a number of
presentations scheduled (see links). Reed Presentations
Inc., South Plainfield NJ. Jehovah's Witnesses
Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault. Documentary Video.
Produced by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of
Pennsylvania. Religion,
State and Society. The Keston Journal.
"Jehovah's Witnesses in National Socialist
concentration camps, 1933 - 45", by Johannes
Wrobel, in: Religion, State & Society, The
Keston Journal, Volume 34, Issue 2, 2006 (see contents of
special issue).
The article presents an updated persecution history and
new concentration camp statistics of the victim group
with the "purple triangle" (Jehovah's
Witnesses, or Bible Students, Ernste Bibelforscher).
The original paper was presented at a workshop held at
Stafford in February 2004 which was co-organized by the
Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Education and
Research, Staffordshire University, and the History and
Governance Research Institute of the University of
Wolverhampton (Britain). On the basis of newly available
primary sources, as well as the testimonies of Witnesses
themselves, the revised article focus on the tribulations
of Jehovah’s Witnesses in the National Socialist
concentration camps (see summary
in German). Religion,
State and Society. The Keston Journal. Special Issue:
Jehovah’s Witnesses under two Dictatorships, Volume
34, Issue 2, 2006. This issue of Religion, State
& Society brings together the work of four
British and German scholars who have conducted research
in recent years on the experiences of Jehovah’s
Witnesses in the “Third Reich” and the German
Democratic Republic (GDR). The original papers were
presented at a workshop held at Stafford in February 2004
which was co-organised by the Institute for Holocaust and
Genocide Education and Research, Staffordshire
University, and the History and Governance Research
Institute of the University of Wolverhampton (UK). On the
basis of newly available primary sources, as well as the
testimonies of Witnesses themselves, the revised articles
focus on the tribulations of Jehovah’s Witnesses in
the National Socialist concentration camps (see summary
in German) and
in GDR prisons (see German
version), the
experiences of the children of Witnesses during the years
1933 to 1989, the policies of the two regimes, and the
persecution of the Witnesses by the Ministry of State
Security. The publisher presents the fruits of
collaboration with Mike Dennis, Professor of Modern
German History at Wolverhampton University, on the
subject of Jehovah's Witnesses under two dictatorships. Staffordshire
University News. Plight of Jehovah's Witnesses
Examined at Joint Conference. VICE-Chancellor Professor
Christine King and Dr Pauline Elkes from the Faculty of
Arts, Media and Design - both with research interests
relating to Nazi Germany - recently (February 21, 2004)
took part in a conference on the history of persecution
and resistance in Nazi Germany and Communist Eastern
Germany. Professor Mike Dennis, leader of the research
group at Wolverhampton University, gave a paper on the
GDR. The conference also heard papers from Johannes
Wrobel, Annegrete Dirksen and Hans-Herman Dirksen,
leading researchers in the field, visiting from Germany.
Staffordshire University News, March 29, 2004, page 6. The Holocaust
Chronicle. The Holocaust Chronicle Web site
contains every word and a generous selection of images
from the companion book of the same title, a massive,
not-for-profit volume conceived and published by
Chicago-based Publications International, Ltd. See:
"Jehovah's Witnesses" (also chart detailing the
prisoner
markings used in
German concentration camps; "1944: Desparate
Acts"; Declaration
to be released;
etc.). The Jewish
Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Article,
"Jehovah's Witness Recalls Nazi Capture," by
David Finnigan, about 99-year-old Leopold
Engleitner from
Austria touring the United States relating his
experiences at the concentration camp Buchenwald, etc.
Quote: "'No, he is not a survivor of the Holocaust,'
Cooper [Simon Wiesenthal Center] said, 'But he is a
survivor of Nazi tyranny, targeted because he made a
decision about how he was going to pray to God.'" The Jewish Virtual
Library (formerly JSOURCE), a division of the
American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).
Encyclopedia, see Jehovah’s Witnesses… Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Hans Hesse (ed.): Persecution and
Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime.
Bremen, 2001. Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Hans Hesse (ed.): Persecution and
Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime.
Bremen, 2001. Contents. [Bibelforscher; Nazism;
persecution of children; concentration camps. Part A: Michael Berenbaum: Preface; Hans
Hesse: Foreword; Henry Friedlander: Categories of
Concentration Camp Prisoners; Christoph Daxelmüller:
Solidarity and the Will to Survive: Religious and Social
Behavior of Jehovah's Witnesses in Concentration Camps;
Jürgen Harder and Hans Hesse: Female Jehovah's Witnesses
in Moringen Women's Concentration Camp: Women's
Resistance in Nazi Germany; Kirsten John-Stucke:
Jehovah's Witnesses in Wewelsburg Concentration Camp;
Antje Zeiger: Jehovah's Witnesses in Sachsenhausen
Concentration Camp; Martin Guse: "The Little One
… He Had to Suffer a Lot": Jehovah's Witnesses
in the Moringen Concentration Camp for Juveniles; Thomas
Rahe: Jehovah's Witnesses in Bergen-Belsen Concentration
Camp; Johannes Wrobel: The Buchenwald Series: Watercolors
by the Jehovah's Witness Johannes Steyer; Sybil Milton:
Jehovah's Witnesses as Forgotten Victims; Sybil Milton:
Jehovah's Witnesses: A Documentation; Angela Nerlich and
Wolfram Slupina: Rescued From Oblivion: The Case of Hans
Gärtner; Ursula Krause-Schmitt: Resistance and
Persecution of Female Jehovah's Witnesses; Hubert Roser:
The Religious Association of Jehovah's Witnesses in Baden
and Wurttemberg (Wuerttemberg), 1933-1945; Hans-Hermann
Dirksen: Jehovah's Witnesses in the German Democratic
Republic; Göran Westphal: The Persecution of Jehovah's
Witnesses in Weimar, 1945-1990; Detlef Garbe: Social
Disinterest, Governmental Disinformation, Renewed
Persecution, and Now Manipulation of History?; Wolfram
Slupina: Persecuted and Almost Forgotten. Part B: Walter Köbe: History, Past and
Present: Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany; Johannes Wrobel:
The Video Documentary "Jehovah's Witnesses Stand
Firm Against Nazi Assault": Propaganda or Historical
Document?; Gabriele Yonan: History, Past and Present:
Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany. An Analysis of the
Documentary "Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault"
From the Perspective of Religious Studies; Dietrich
Hellmund: Critical Reflection on the Video Documentary
"Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault": Propaganda
or Historical Documentation?; Lutz Lemhöfer (Lemhoefer):
Between Historical Documentation and Public Promotion of
One's Image. Comments About the Watch Tower Society Film:
"Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault"; Wolfram
Slupina: "Jehovah's Witnesses Stand Firm Against
Nazi Assault"-Touring Exhibitions and Video
Presentations, 1996-2000; Jolene Chu: From
Marginalization to Martyrdom; James N. Pellechia:
Teaching Tolerance: A Case Study; Hans-Hermann Dirksen,
Jürgen Harder, Hans Hesse, and Johannes Wrobel:
Chronology: Development and Persecution of Jehovah's
Witnesses; Bibliography; Contributors.] Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Hans Hesse (ed.): Persecution and
Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime.
Bremen, 2001. Preface by Michael Berenbaum (Ida E.
King Distinguished Visiting Scholar of the Holocaust;
Richard Stockton College), October 2000. 408 pages, 27
color pictures, 81 photos and documents, hardcover. [Bibelforscher; Nazism;
concentration camps; USHMM] Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Hans Hesse (ed.): Persecution and
Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime.
Bremen, 2001. Foreword by Hans Hesse, historian. [Bibelforscher; Nazism;
concentration camps]
Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Hans Hesse (ed.): Persecution and
Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime.
Bremen, 2001. Chronology: Development and Persecution of
Jehovah's Witnesses, by Hans-Hermann Dirksen, Jürgen
Harder, Hans Hesse, and Johannes Wrobel. [Bibelforscher; Nazism;
concentration camps]
Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Johannes Wrobel: The Buchenwald
Series: Watercolors by the Jehovah's Witness Johannes
Steyer: Article from book Persecution and Resistance
of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime, by
Hans Hesse (ed.), Bremen, 2001. [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher; biography of concentration camp inmate
Johannes Steyer; KZ Buchenwald, fotos of paintings; for
class-room use] Temmen Publishing
House, Germany. Persecution and Resistance of
Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime. Bremen,
2001. Contributers (short biographies): Michael
Berenbaum, Jolene Chu, Christoph Daxelmüller,
Hans-Hermann Dirksen, Henry Friedlander, Detlef Garbe,
Martin Guse, Jürgen Harder, Dietrich Hellmund, Hans
Hesse, Kirsten John-Stucke, Walter Köbe, Ursula
Krause-Schmitt, Lutz Lemhöfer (Lemhoefer), Sybil Milton,
Angela Nerlich, James N. Pellechia , Thomas Rahe, Hubert
Roser, Wolfram Slupina, Göran Westphal, Johannes Wrobel,
Gabriele Yonan, and Antje Zeiger. [Bibelforscher; Nazism;
concentration camps]
United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C. (USHMM).
Academic Publications: Between Resistance and
Martyrdrom. Jehovah's Witnesses in the Third Reich, by
Dr Detlef Garbe, translated by Dagmar G. Grimm,
published by the University of Wisconsin Press (contents of
book),
Madison, WI, 2008. United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C. (USHMM).
"We Honor and Remember Jehovah's Witness Victims of
the Nazi Era." Browse related resources and view videos
of the lectures and presentations from the
Museum's October 5, 2006, public program (see the agenda schedule | alternative). United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. (USHMM):
Booklet: Victims
of the Nazi Regime 1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses. Washington D.C., 1995,
20 pages. (PDF format). Music of the Holocaust: Forward ...
Jehovah's Witnesses, Bibliographies. United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C.
(USHMM). Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
at USHMM. The Nuremberg Trial: Persecution of religious
and other victim groups presented at Nuremberg Trial.
Story RG-60.2938, Tape 2373. (“Bible
Researchers” = Bibelforscher, Bible Students,
Jehovah's Witnesses). University of
Minnesota. The Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
Study Guide for "Jehovah's Witnesses Stand Firm
Against Nazi Assault" (video). Posted With
Permission of Watch Tower Society. (See link "Educational
Resources".) University of
Minnesota, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies
(Minneapolis, MN). Virtual Museum. On-line
Exhibitions. "Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany"
(article, also PDF), Resources, Watch Tower History Archives,
Germany, the Netherlands, U.S.A. University of
Minnesota, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies
(Minneapolis, MN). Virtual Museum. On-line
Exhibitions (Artistic
Resources).
Artistic Responses to the Holocaust and Genocide:
Johannes Steyer. The Buchenwald Series created with
aquarelles (single images). University of South
Florida, College of Education. Florida Center for
Instructional Technology. A Teacher's Guide to the
Holocaust. An overview of the people and events of the
Holocaust through photographs, documents, art, music,
movies, and literature. [...] Jehovah's Witnesses. [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher; foto: purple triangle with "B"] University of South
Florida, College of Education. Florida Center for
Instructional Technology. A Teacher's Guide to the
Holocaust. Jehovah's Witnesses (overview). [Bibelforscher; foto:
Karl-Heinz Kusserow, imprisoned in Dachau and
Sachsenhausen concentration camps] University of South
Florida, College of Education. Florida Center for
Instructional Technology. A Teacher's Guide to the
Holocaust. Jehovah's Witnesses in the Holocaust.
Chronology of events 1933-1945. University of
Minnesota. The Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies (Minneapolis,
MN). Study Guide for "Jehovah's
Witnesses Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault" (video).
Posted With Permission of Watch Tower Society. (See link
"Educational
Resources".) University of
Southern California, Los Angeles / USC Shoah Foundation
Institute for Visual History and Education. The
University of Southern California provides access to the
oral history created by Simone Liebster in conjunction
with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual
History and Education (formerly the Survivors of the
Shoah Visual History Foundation, http://www.vhf.org/). Includes student handouts and
lesson plans. Simone Liebster, a Jehovah’s Witness,
was persecuted during the Nazi period. The interview is
presented by the Shoah Foundation and the Arnold Liebster
Foundation. The
University of Wisconsin Press. UW Press presents: Between
Resistance and Martyrdrom. Jehovah's Witnesses in the
Third Reich, by Dr Detlef Garbe, translated by Dagmar
G. Grimm and published in association with the United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum (contents of
book). The
University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2008, USA. U.S. Department
of State. Taken Questions, Office of the
Spokesman, Washington, DC, March 26, 2004. Russia:
Banning Religious Activities of Jehovah’s Witnesses
in Moscow. Webster
University, United States of America.
Survival and Resistance: The Netherlands Under Nazi
Occupation. By Linda M. Woolf, Ph.D. [Jehovah's Witnesses,
Bibelforscher; Holland] |
This is a non-commercial private website, and the contents is free for personal and non-commercial use only in accordance with international copyright law. (Nichtgewerbliche, private Internetseite, zur freien Verfügung für Schule, Forschung und Wissenschaft und für den nichtkommerziellen, persönlichen Gebrauch gemäß Urheberrechtsgesetz.) If using informationn from this site, please quote the following source: "Internet links and updated publication list from the German book Repression und Selbstbehauptung: Die Zeugen Jehovas unter der NS- und der SED-Diktatur, by Professor Dr. Dr. Gerhard Besier and Dr. Clemens Vollnhals (eds.), Duncker & Humblot Berlin, 2003, see Appendix of publication, pp. 408, 411, www.standfirm.de/english." |
DANISH.
Publishing House Gramma, Copenhagen, Danmark.
Autobiography by Simone Liebster: "I Løvens
Gab" … [Danish translation of Facing
the Lion -- Memoirs of a Young Girl in Nazi Europe] FRENCH: Sur le
jugement rendu par la Cour d’appel administrative (Oberverwaltungsgericht
ou OVG) de Berlin le 24 mars 2005 en faveur de
la communauté des Témoins de Jéhovah
d’Allemagne : COMMENTAIRES DE LA PRESSE
ALLEMANDE (see French WORD dokument FRENCH: Pohl,
Willi K.: Les Témoins de Jéhovah - Hommage à un groupe
de victimes des nazis, in: 60ième anniversaire de la
libération des détenus des camps de concentration des
Sachsenhausen et de Ravensbrück et de la prison de
Brandenburg. 14 - 16 avril 2005, 24 avril 2005.
Foundation des Mémoriaux du land de Brandenbourg /
Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten (ed.),
Oranienburg 2005, p. 138-141 FRENCH: Cercle
Européen des Temoins de Jéhovah Anciens Déportés et
Internés (CETJAD), France. Foundation of Jehovah's
Witness survivors and deportees, French website. [Zeugen Jehovas im
NS-Regime, Bibelforscher] FRENCH: Hans
Hesse: Persécution et résistance des témoins de
Jéhovah pendant le régime nazi 1933 - 1945.
Préface de Michael BERENBAUM. Éditions Schortgen,
Esch-sur-Alzette 2005. FRENCH. Guy
Canonici: Les Témoins de Jéhovah face à Hitler.
Préface de François [Francois] Bédarida. Paris, 1998. [CETJAD, Zeugen Jehovas
im NS-Regime, Bibelforscher, France, Jehovah's Witnesses] FRENCH: Private
Website. L'Holocauste & les Temoins de Jehovah:
Répertoire de liens web. Index: Victimes du Régime Nazi
- Victims of Nazi Regime. International Web Link
Collection (Czech, Francais, Espagnol, Deutsch, Danish,
English, Finnish, Italiano, Japonais, Portugues, Russian,
Svenska). [Jehovas
Zeugen, Bibelforscher: Linksammlung] FRENCH: German
letter (translated into French) to the editors of the
German daily Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 16,
2000, no. 138, page 51, lettre à l'éditeur,
" Les Témoins de Jéhovah parmi les victimes
", by Johannes Wrobel. [London Imperial War Museum,
Holocaust exhibition; USHMM, Yad Vashem; Magdalena
Reuter-Kusserow] ITALIAN / GERMAN:
Private website, Italy. I Testimoni di Geova "hanno
tentato d'Ingraziarsi", como altre chiese, "il
Favore" di Hitler e die Nazionalsocialisti poco dopo
il loro "avvento al potere"? Haben sich Jehovas
Zeugen kurz nach der "Machtergreifung", änlich
wie andere Kirchen, Hitler und den Nationalsozialisten
"angebiedert"? Quotations by Dr. Detlef
Garbe, Professor Dr. Dr. Besier, Heidelberg
University a.o. (refuting charges against Jehovah's
Witnesses in Germany in connection with 1933 assembly and
letter to chancellor Hitler.) [Zeugen Jehovas, Bibelforscher;
Deutsch/Italienisch] ITALIAN: Private
Website, Italy. "Lettera D'Accompagnamento alla
Dichiarazione di Berlino del 1933 dei testimoni di
Geova", 5 Novembre 1998, Johannes Wrobel,
Germania. [Bibelforscher,
Berlin Wilmersdorfer Kongress 1933; Berlin assembly on
June 25, 1933] ITALIAN: Private
Website, Italy. Photograph of Narciso Riet, a Jehovah's
Wittness who worked in the German underground and was
executed by the Nazis in 1944. Number of persecuted Bibelforscher
in Nazi occupied countries in Europe. [italienisches NS-Opfer
Narciso Riet (Foto), hingerichtet von den
Nationalsozialisten] ITALIAN: Private
Website, Italy. German articles from "raensbrückblätter" magazine (no. 113,
December 2002) translated into Italian: Testimoni di
Geova sotto il nazionalsocialismo / Testimoni di
Geova a Ravensbrück / Profilo di
Martha Vollbaum
/ Testimoni di
Geova nella Repubblica Federale Tedesca [Germania Ovest] / Testimoni di
Geova nella Repubblica Democratica Tedesca [Germania Est] / Memorie dei
sopravvissuti / Recensione
sul tema POLISH: Books
about the Nazi perscecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in
Polish by Henryk Dornik, Simone Arnold Liebster, Horst
Schmidt, Hermine Schmidt, Hans Hess (ed), and others. POLISH: Pohl,
Willi K.: Swiadkowie Jehowy jako grupa ofiar narodowego
socjalizmu – wspomnienie i uczczenie, w: 60
rocznica wyzwolenia wiezniów obozów koncentracyjnych
Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrück oraz zakladu karnego w
Brandenburgii. 14 – 18 kwiecien 2005, 24 kwietnia
2005. Fundacja Brandenburskie Miejsca Pamieci /
Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten (wydawcy),
Oranienburg 2005, ss. 132-135. PORTUGUESE.
Triângulos Roxos - As vítimas esquecidas do nazismo.
Destaques do vídeo (78 min.) "Stand Firm"
exhibitions in Brazil: Guarulhos, SP (March 4-31, 2004),
Sao José dos Campos, SP (April 3-23, 2004), Volta
Redonda, RJ (May 4-31, 2004). CONTENTS: CRONOLOGIA DE
EVENTOS / A EXPOSIÇÃO AO REDOR DO MUNDO / VÍTIMAS
ESQUECIDAS: ALGUMAS / BIOGRAFIAS / A EXPOSIÇÃO AO REDOR
DO MUNDO / EVENTOS JÁ OCORRIDOS. [Biographies of Rudolf Graichen
(foto), Magdalena Kusserow Reuter (foto; photograph of
Kusserow family), and the "Stand Firm" video
documentary in Portuguese.] SPANISH: Cercle
Européen des Temoins de Jéhovah Anciens Déportés et
Internés (CETJAD), France / Spain. Foundation of
Jehovah's Witness survivors and deportees, Spanish
website. [Zeugen
Jehovas im NS-Regime, Bibelforscher; Fotos: Gertrud
Pötzinger (Poetzinger); befreite Häftlinge
(Restkommando bestehend aus Zeugen Jehovas) KZ
Wewelsburg, 1945.] RUSSIAN:
German letter (translated into Russian) to the
editors of German newspaper "Frankfurter Allgemeine
Zeitung," June 16, 2000, no. 138, page 51,
"Die Zeugen Jehovas gehörten zu den Opfern,"
(Jehovah's Witnesses Were Among the Victims) by Johannes
Wrobel. [London
Imperial War Museum, Holocaust exhibition; USHMM, Yad
Vashem; Magdalena Reuter-Kusserow] RUSSIAN. Russian
translations of German articles about the Nazi
persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses and the
persecution in Communist Germany, written by Hans Hesse,
Johannes Wrobel, Gerhild Vollherbst, Silke Hinder, mh,
Wolfram Slupina, and Veronika Springmann, taken from ravensbruckblaetter,
German-language magazine published in Berlin, no. 113,
December 2002, pp.5-14. RUSSIAN. Willi K.
Pohl: Svideteli Iegovy kak gruppa zhertv NS –
vospominanie i otsenka, v: 60-letnii yubilei
osvobozhdeniya kontslagerei Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrueck i
tyurmy Brandenburg, 14 po 18 aprelya 2005, 24 aprelya
2005. Fond Brandenburgskikh memorialov/Stiftung
Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten (izdatel’),
Oranienburg 2005, s. 136 - 139. REMOVED TEXTS & LINKS
FROM THIS LIST |
_____________________________________________________________________________ find! | Update-letter | email-a-friend | Impressum | Links: Deutsch - English - Aktuell - New | Literatur: Deutsch - English This is a non-commercial private website, and the contents is free for personal and non-commercial use only in accordance with international copyright law. (Nichtgewerbliche, private Internetseite, zur freien Verfügung für Schule, Forschung und Wissenschaft und für den nichtkommerziellen, persönlichen Gebrauch gemäß Urheberrechtsgesetz.) When using informationn from this site, please quote the following source: "Internet links and updated publication list from the appendix of the German book, Repression und Selbstbehauptung: Die Zeugen Jehovas unter der NS- und der SED-Diktatur, by Gerhard Besier / Clemens Vollnhals (eds.), Duncker & Humblot Berlin, 2003, pp. 408, 411, www.standfirm.de/english." |
"JW [Jehovah's Witnesses] were persecuted, imprisoned, or murdered by Nazis and their collaborators from 1933 onward. They are Opfer des Nationalsozialismus, victims of National Socialism [Nazism], not "Holocaust victims," if the term Holocaust is explicitly applied to the factory-like mass murder of European Jews that began in 1941/1942." (Religion - Staat - Gesellschaft. Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews, published by Professor Gerhard Besier / Professor Hubert Seiwert, Duncker & Humblot Berlin, vol. 4, no. 1 (2003), page 158. ) www.standfirm.de / www.jwhistory.net |
